VB 10 – Van Biesbroeck's Star: A Large Planet Orbiting a Small Star
Illustration Credit: JPL-Caltech, NASA
The following is from NASA's popular Astronomy Picture of the day at http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090603.html
Explanation: Can a planet be as large as the star that it orbits?
Recent observations have discovered that nearby Van Biesbroeck's star might have just such a large planet.
Although VB 10 lies only about 20 light years away, it is a small red dwarf star so dim, at 17th magnitude, that a telescope is needed to see it. Van Biesbroeck's star was previously known for its rapid proper motion across the sky — it moves so fast it could cross a full moon in only about 1,000 years. By noting a wiggle in VB 10's sky trajectory, astronomers were able to infer the existence of a planet several times the mass of Jupiter.
Although the star VB 10 is perhaps 10 times more massive than the discovered planet VB 10b, the star is likely more highly compressed and so the two might be closely matched in size. Such a system is envisioned above with an artist's illustration. Since faint M-type stars like VB 10 are so common, planetary systems surrounding them, including planets larger than their parent star, might be more common than planetary systems like our own Solar System.
VB10 History and Characteristics
The History and Characteristics of VB 10 below are from Wikopedia:
History
This star was discovered in 1944 by the astronomer George van Biesbroeck using the 82 in (2.1 m) Otto Struve reflector telescope at the McDonald Observatory. He found this star while surveying the telescopic field of view of the high proper motion red dwarf star Wolf 1055, for companions. Wolf 1055 was catalogued 25 years earlier by German astronomer Max Wolf using similar astrophotographic techniques. This star is designated as VB 10 in the 1961 publication of Van Biesbroeck's star catalog. Later, other astronomers began referring to this star as Van Biesbroeck's Star in honor of its discoverer. Because this star is so dim and so close to its much brighter primary star earlier astronomical surveys missed it even though its large parallax and large proper motion should have made it stand out on photographic plates taken at different times.[4]
Characteristics
VB 10 has an extremely low luminosity with an absolute magnitude of nearly 19, making this star very difficult to see. Later researchers also noted that the mass of this star, at .08 solar mass, is right at the lower limit needed to create internal pressures and temperatures high enough to initiate nuclear fusion and actually be a star rather than a brown dwarf. At the time of its discovery it was the lowest mass star known. The previous record holder for the lowest mass was the star Wolf 359 at 0.09 solar mass.[3]
VB 10 is also notable by its very large proper motion, moving more than one arc second a year through the sky as seen from the Earth
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